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The true articulation of the ankle joint is where the bones of the lower leg move on the foot, to enable flexion and extension movements. These are the only two movements available at this joint, other movements such as turning the foot are often misconstrued as ankle movements but actually occur at the foot joints.
To enable a stable structure that allows us to weight bear often through dynamic movements such as walking, running or jumping the ankle joint has a bony design structure that provides a compact solid base. On top of this there are also many strong fibrous ligaments interconnecting the bones that prevent excessive movement thereby contributing to the stability.
A common injury to the ankle is a sprained ligament and most common ligament sprained is the one on the outer surface of the foot.  However the ankle and its structures are susceptible to any injury that is associated with all of the joints of the lower limb which include:
Muscle strains
Arthritic changes
Gait abnormailties
Joint dysfunction
Dislocation
Fractures
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